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Some majors require much more than others. In 2024, the hardest college majors challenge students with long hours, tough subjects, and demanding exams. Many of these programs result in lower GPAs because of the heavy workload. However, for those willing to take on the challenge, these degrees can open doors to better career opportunities and higher salaries.
In this article, we will look into the hardest college majors based on GPA and other factors, giving you a clear sense of why they are demanding and what they offer to those who complete them.
- Legal Studies
- Computer Science
- Environmental Earth Science
- Chemistry
- Environmental Economics and Policy
- American Studies
- Nuclear Engineering
- Energy Engineering
- Astrophysics
- Applied Mathematics
- Interdisciplinary Studies
- Genetics and Plant Biology
- Marine Science
- Philosophy
- Cognitive Science
- Physics
1. Legal Studies
Average GPA | 3.35 |
Study Hours per Week | 13.7 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 3,818 |
Top Career Salary | $130,710 (Law Professor) |
Career After Graduation
- Law School: Many students use their degree as a stepping stone to enter law school. With strong foundations in legal theory and case analysis, graduates are well-prepared for the LSAT and the demands of law school.
- Public Policy Analyst: Graduates often enter governmental or non-profit sectors, using their knowledge of legal systems to influence policy and legislative reforms.
- Paralegal/Legal Assistant: Some students enter the workforce directly, providing legal support in law offices, including research, document preparation, and case management.
Core Skills Developed
- Critical Thinking: The complexity of interpreting laws and their applications develops strong critical thinking abilities.
- Research Proficiency: Students become proficient in researching case laws, legal precedents, and statutory interpretations.
- Effective Communication: Writing legal briefs, preparing reports, and oral arguments are essential to success in both academic and professional environments.
Best Legal Studies Programs in 2024
Harvard University
Harvard Legal Studies program is highly respected for producing top legal minds. The program focuses on developing strong research, analysis, and argumentative skills. Students are exposed to real-world case studies and gain insights from professors deeply involved in law and policy. Harvard’s reputation also opens doors for internships and networking with some of the brightest legal professionals around the world.
Stanford University
Stanford offers a dynamic approach to Legal Studies, combining legal theory with practical applications. The program pushes students to think critically about modern legal issues, often tying law to technology and social change. It is a perfect fit for students wanting to explore how law affects innovation and social movements.
Yale University
Also, check out the best online colleges that accept FAFSA.
2. Computer Science
Average GPA | 3.0 |
Study Hours per Week | 10.5 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 47,906 |
Top Career Salary | $151,150 (Computer and Information Systems Manager) |
Career After Graduation
- Software Developer: Graduates often work in tech firms, developing new software applications, mobile apps, or operating systems.
- Cybersecurity Analyst: With the rise of cyber threats, this role focuses on securing networks and protecting data from attacks.
- Data Scientist: Computer science graduates can analyze large datasets to find trends and provide insights for businesses or research projects.
Core Skills Developed
- Problem-Solving: The essence of Computer Science is creating solutions for technical issues using logical and algorithmic approaches.
- Programming Proficiency: Mastery of multiple programming languages like Python, Java, or C++ is essential.
- Adaptability: The fast-paced tech world means graduates must stay updated with the latest innovations, tools, and frameworks.
Best Computer Science Programs in 2024
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Stanford University
Stanford’s program is highly regarded for integrating theory with real-world application. It emphasizes innovation, making it a perfect environment for students looking to start careers in Silicon Valley or tech entrepreneurship.
University of California, Berkeley
UC Berkeley’s Computer Science program offers a deep dive into both theoretical and applied aspects of the field. The program is known for its strength in areas like machine learning, systems programming, and cybersecurity.
3. Environmental Earth Science
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 2.96 |
Study Hours per Week | 15.3 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 8,894 |
Top Career Salary | $104,560 (Geoscientist) |
Career After Graduation
- Environmental Consultant: Graduates work with businesses and governments to assess environmental risks and develop strategies for sustainable resource use.
- Geoscientist: Involves studying Earth’s physical structure and processes to locate natural resources or manage environmental hazards.
- Climate Scientist: With climate change becoming a global issue, these specialists analyze weather patterns and predict environmental shifts.
Core Skills Developed
- Interdisciplinary Knowledge: Understanding the interaction between physical, biological, and chemical systems is crucial.
- Field Research: Students spend significant time conducting fieldwork, collecting data, and analyzing samples.
- Data Analysis: Interpreting data from field and lab research helps in understanding environmental changes and impacts.
Best Environmental Earth Science Programs in 2024
Stanford University
Stanford offers a strong Environmental Earth Science program focusing on both theoretical knowledge and field applications. Students gain experience in sustainable development, resource management, and environmental protection.
University of California, Berkeley
Harvard University
Harvard’s Environmental Earth Science program blends rigorous scientific research with policy-driven solutions. Students engage in projects that address real-world environmental issues, making it one of the top choices for this major.
4. Chemistry
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 2.77 |
Study Hours per Week | 18.06 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 22,156 |
Top Career Salary | $90,530 (Chemist) |
Career After Graduation
- Pharmaceutical Chemist: Involves developing new medications and improving existing ones through extensive lab research.
- Environmental Chemist: Focuses on studying chemicals in the environment and their impacts on ecosystems and human health.
- Research Scientist: Chemistry graduates often move into academic or corporate research roles, experimenting with new materials or chemical processes.
Core Skills Developed
- Lab Skills: Extensive lab time teaches students how to conduct experiments, handle chemicals, and analyze results.
- Problem-Solving: Chemistry requires students to solve complex problems using scientific methods.
- Analytical Thinking: Interpreting chemical data and understanding reactions at the molecular level are key skills in this field.
Best Chemistry Programs in 2024
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
MIT’s Chemistry program is world-renowned, offering students access to cutting-edge research and top-tier lab facilities. The program emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical lab experience.
Stanford University
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Caltech’s Chemistry program focuses heavily on research, preparing students for careers in academia, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science.
5. Environmental Economics and Policy
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 2.95 |
Study Hours per Week | 15.3 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 9,522 |
Top Career Salary | $104,560 (Environmental Economist) |
Career After Graduation
- Environmental Economist: These professionals analyze the economic effects of environmental policies and resource management practices, helping to design sustainable economic models.
- Policy Advisor: Graduates may work for governments or NGOs, advising on environmental regulations and resource management policies.
- Sustainability Consultant: Helps businesses reduce their environmental footprint while maintaining profitability.
Core Skills Developed
- Economic Analysis: Understanding how economic principles apply to environmental issues is a core aspect of this major.
- Policy Development: Students learn to craft and assess policies that manage resources sustainably.
- Interdisciplinary Thinking: Combining environmental science with economics requires a deep understanding of both fields.
Best Environmental Economics and Policy Programs in 2024
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley’s program is highly regarded for its combination of environmental science and economics, offering students strong foundations in both areas. The school emphasizes policy analysis and real-world applications.
Harvard University
Yale University
Yale focuses on the intersection of economics, law, and environmental science, making it a top choice for students interested in policy development and environmental protection.
6. American Studies
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.12 |
Study Hours per Week | 14.1 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 526 |
Top Career Salary | $76,160 (Postsecondary Teacher) |
Career After Graduation
- Postsecondary Teacher: Many graduates pursue teaching positions at universities, focusing on American history, politics, or literature.
- Cultural Analyst: These professionals study societal trends and provide insights into cultural shifts in media, policy, or advertising.
- Public Relations Specialist: Graduates often use their understanding of American society to craft communication strategies for organizations or political campaigns.
Core Skills Developed
- Interdisciplinary Knowledge: Students gain broad knowledge across multiple fields including history, sociology, and literature.
- Critical Thinking: Analyzing American culture and history requires in-depth critical thinking and the ability to interpret complex social phenomena.
- Research and Writing: Strong writing and research skills are developed as students synthesize information from various disciplines.
Best American Studies Programs in 2024
Harvard University
Yale University
Yale provides a broad curriculum, encouraging students to study America from various perspectives such as law, arts, and social movements.
Stanford University
Stanford’s American Studies program focuses on the intersection of culture and politics, preparing students for roles in academia or public policy.
7. Nuclear Engineering
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.14 |
Study Hours per Week | 17.17 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 1,014 |
Top Career Salary | $124,540 (Nuclear Engineer) |
Career After Graduation
- Nuclear Engineer: Graduates often work in nuclear power plants, focusing on the design, monitoring, and safety of nuclear reactors.
- Radiation Safety Specialist: These professionals ensure that radiation practices are safe in medical, industrial, and research settings.
- Nuclear Researcher: Working in labs, these experts study nuclear processes and help develop safer energy or defense technologies.
Core Skills Developed
- Advanced Problem-Solving: Students learn to tackle complex engineering problems related to nuclear systems and radiation.
- Safety Protocols: Graduates are trained in nuclear safety, understanding the strict guidelines needed for safe energy production.
- Technical Analysis: The ability to analyze and optimize nuclear systems is critical in this field.
Best Nuclear Engineering Programs in 2024
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
MIT’s Nuclear Engineering program is at the forefront of research, offering students access to advanced nuclear reactors and cutting-edge lab work.
University of California, Berkeley
University of Michigan
The University of Michigan provides a comprehensive Nuclear Engineering program, with a focus on reactor design and radiation safety.
8. Energy Engineering
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.15 |
Study Hours per Week | 17.17 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 31,384 |
Top Career Salary | $87,476 (Power Engineer) |
Career After Graduation
- Power Engineer: Designs and optimizes energy systems such as power grids, ensuring efficiency and sustainability.
- Renewable Energy Consultant: Advises on the implementation of solar, wind, or other renewable energy sources.
- Energy Systems Designer: Focuses on developing new technologies to reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency.
Core Skills Developed
- System Design: Students learn to design energy-efficient systems using engineering principles.
- Sustainability Knowledge: Understanding how to balance energy production with environmental sustainability is key.
- Technical Proficiency: Graduates are equipped to solve technical problems related to energy production and management.
Best Energy Engineering Programs in 2024
Stanford University
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley emphasizes both traditional and renewable energy systems, preparing students to work in both established and emerging energy sectors.
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M provides a strong foundation in power systems and renewable energy technologies, with a focus on energy efficiency and innovation.
9. Astrophysics
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.29 |
Study Hours per Week | 18.59 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 347 |
Top Career Salary | $98,843 (Astrophysicist) |
Career After Graduation
- Astrophysicist: Studies the origins and behavior of celestial bodies, often working in research institutions or universities.
- Planetary Scientist: Focuses on the study of planets, moons, and other bodies within the solar system, contributing to space exploration.
- Observational Scientist: Uses telescopes and other tools to collect and analyze data from stars, galaxies, and other celestial bodies.
Core Skills Developed
- Mathematical Modeling: Students must master advanced mathematics to develop models that explain celestial phenomena.
- Data Analysis: Observing and analyzing data from telescopes and space missions is a key part of the field.
- Critical Thinking: Astrophysics requires students to apply physics to large-scale, complex systems.
Best Astrophysics Programs in 2024
Harvard University
Harvard’s Astrophysics program is known for its world-class faculty and access to cutting-edge space research facilities.
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Princeton University
Princeton’s Astrophysics department provides a rigorous academic environment and numerous opportunities for research in cosmology and planetary science.
10. Applied Mathematics
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.32 |
Study Hours per Week | 16.4 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 4,391 |
Top Career Salary | $111,030 (Actuary) |
Career After Graduation
- Actuary: Uses mathematical models to assess risk in the finance and insurance sectors.
- Operations Research Analyst: Solves complex business problems using mathematical models and data analysis.
- Data Scientist: Applies mathematical techniques to analyze large datasets and derive actionable insights.
Core Skills Developed
- Mathematical Modeling: Students learn to develop and apply mathematical models to real-world situations.
- Problem-Solving: The ability to solve complex problems using logical and quantitative methods is a key skill.
- Data Analysis: Graduates are proficient in analyzing data to provide solutions for business, science, and engineering problems.
Best Applied Mathematics Programs in 2024
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Stanford University
Stanford’s program provides a balance between mathematical theory and real-world application, offering students the opportunity to work on interdisciplinary projects.
Harvard University
Harvard offers an in-depth Applied Mathematics program that focuses on data analysis, modeling, and computational methods, preparing students for careers in diverse fields such as economics, engineering, and technology.
11. Interdisciplinary Studies
Interdisciplinary Studies is when they get tired of you being there and give you a degree to stop holding back the graduation rate https://t.co/9KWzjOmy0I
— 💕In my Hag Era💕 (@PinkYetiCup) November 23, 2023
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.33 |
Study Hours per Week | 13.63 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 109,814 |
Top Career Salary | $87,660 (Management Analyst) |
Career After Graduation
- Management Analyst: Helps organizations improve efficiency by combining knowledge from multiple disciplines.
- Consultant: Works across various industries, providing solutions based on an interdisciplinary approach.
- Project Manager: Manages complex projects by applying diverse knowledge from various fields to streamline processes.
Core Skills Developed
- Adaptability: Students learn to apply knowledge from different fields to solve complex, multifaceted problems.
- Analytical Thinking: Combining different academic disciplines enhances analytical skills across broader contexts.
- Research Proficiency: The program focuses on developing strong research skills in multiple subject areas.
Best Interdisciplinary Studies Programs in 2024
Brown University
Our building got a new facelift to celebrate our 10th anniversary! 🤩
You may notice a new sign while driving down Dyer Street or walking on the pedestrian bridge. We even decked out the inside of our building, too! #BrownSPS10 pic.twitter.com/Rp6D6eBcVB
— Brown University School of Professional Studies (@Brown_SPS) October 7, 2024
Stanford University
Stanford encourages interdisciplinary research, with a focus on how various fields of knowledge intersect in solving global challenges.
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley provides numerous interdisciplinary options, enabling students to explore diverse fields like public health, technology, and environmental policy.
12. Genetics and Plant Biology
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.35 |
Study Hours per Week | 16.7 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 25 |
Top Career Salary | $84,400 (Agricultural Scientist) |
Career After Graduation
- Agricultural Scientist: Works on improving crop yields and plant health through genetic research.
- Biotechnologist: Uses genetic engineering to enhance plant traits for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
- Plant Geneticist: Focuses on understanding plant heredity and developing new plant varieties with desirable characteristics.
Core Skills Developed
- Genetic Analysis: Students gain expertise in genetic sequencing and the manipulation of plant genomes.
- Lab Research: Extensive lab work develops practical research skills, essential for careers in biotechnology and agriculture.
- Problem-Solving: Solving real-world agricultural problems through genetics is a core part of this major.
Best Genetics and Plant Biology Programs in 2024
University of California, Berkeley
Cornell University
Cornell offers one of the top programs in agricultural science, with a focus on plant genetics and sustainable farming practices.
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Wisconsin’s program emphasizes biotechnology and genetic research, with a focus on improving agricultural productivity.
13. Marine Science
@blackinmarinescience I’m Black in Marine Science, of course we pulled up to the 2024 Ocean Science Meeting! We loved seeing everyone at Litty Hour and at the BIMS Booth. What conference do y’all want to see us at next? #blackinmarinescience #marinescienceislit #marinescience #oceanscience #oceanography
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.35 |
Study Hours per Week | 15.72 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 45 |
Top Career Salary | $66,350 (Marine Biologist) |
Career After Graduation
- Marine Biologist: Studies marine organisms and ecosystems to understand their behavior and how to protect them.
- Oceanographer: Focuses on the physical and chemical processes of oceans, contributing to climate studies and marine conservation.
- Aquatic Ecologist: Works on preserving aquatic ecosystems and analyzing environmental impacts on water bodies.
Core Skills Developed
- Field Research: Students spend significant time conducting fieldwork in marine environments, gathering and analyzing data.
- Ecosystem Analysis: The ability to study complex marine ecosystems and understand their dynamics is key.
- Data Collection: Collecting and interpreting data from marine environments requires precision and strong analytical skills.
Best Marine Science Programs in 2024
University of Miami
Miami offers extensive field research opportunities due to its coastal location, making it one of the best programs for hands-on marine science education.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (UC San Diego)
University of Washington
Washington’s Marine Science program provides students with strong research opportunities, focusing on marine biology, conservation, and oceanography.
14. Philosophy
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.08 |
Study Hours per Week | 14.1 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 5,621 |
Top Career Salary | $76,160 (Postsecondary Philosophy Teacher) |
Career After Graduation
- Philosophy Professor: Many philosophy majors pursue academic careers, teaching and researching in universities.
- Ethics Consultant: Applies philosophical principles to real-world issues in business, healthcare, or technology.
- Policy Analyst: Philosophy graduates often work in think tanks, analyzing ethical and societal implications of policies.
Core Skills Developed
- Critical Thinking: Philosophy hones the ability to analyze complex issues and construct well-reasoned arguments.
- Logical Reasoning: Learning formal logic enables students to approach problems systematically.
- Effective Communication: Both written and verbal communication are essential, especially when presenting arguments or theories.
Best Philosophy Programs in 2024
Harvard University
Princeton University
Princeton is known for its emphasis on both historical and contemporary philosophical issues, with a strong focus on research.
Stanford University
Stanford’s philosophy program encourages interdisciplinary research, combining philosophy with subjects like neuroscience and political science.
15. Cognitive Science
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.35 |
Study Hours per Week | 14.82 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 2,275 |
Top Career Salary | $105,510 (Data Scientist) |
Career After Graduation
- Data Scientist: Applies cognitive science principles to analyze data and solve complex problems in various industries.
- Human-Computer Interaction Specialist: Designs technology that improves user interaction by understanding human cognitive processes.
- Neuroscientist: Studies brain function to develop new treatments for mental and neurological disorders.
Core Skills Developed
- Interdisciplinary Analysis: Students learn to combine knowledge from multiple fields to solve complex problems.
- Research Skills: Extensive lab and fieldwork are required, especially in areas like neuroscience and AI.
- Problem-Solving: Applying cognitive science theories to practical problems in technology or healthcare.
Best Cognitive Science Programs in 2024
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley’s Cognitive Science program is renowned for its interdisciplinary approach, combining psychology, computer science, and linguistics.
Stanford University
Stanford emphasizes both theoretical research and practical applications, especially in AI and neuroscience.
MIT
MIT’s Cognitive Science program is highly regarded for its focus on artificial intelligence and computational models of cognition.
16. Physics
Metric | Value |
---|---|
Average GPA | 3.10 |
Study Hours per Week | 18.59 |
Total Degrees Awarded | 7,108 |
Top Career Salary | $129,850 (Physicist) |
Career After Graduation
- Physicist: Works in research, studying physical laws and applying them to solve scientific and practical problems.
- Aerospace Engineer: Applies principles of physics to design and improve aircraft, spacecraft, and defense systems.
- Nuclear Physicist: Focuses on the behavior of atomic nuclei and their applications in energy production and medicine.
Core Skills Developed
- Mathematical Proficiency: Advanced math is required to understand and model physical phenomena.
- Problem-Solving: Physics majors develop the ability to approach and solve highly complex theoretical and practical problems.
- Experimental Techniques: Lab work is essential, as students learn to test theories and measure physical properties.
Best Physics Programs in 2024
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Caltech’s Physics program is world-renowned, offering students opportunities to work on cutting-edge research in fields like astrophysics and quantum mechanics.
MIT
MIT’s Physics department is known for its research and innovation, particularly in fields like particle physics and cosmology.
Princeton University
Why GPA Alone Does Not Define Difficulty?
@yesterdaystudy Study motivation #study #studytok #fyp #motivation #university
Majors like Physics or Chemistry, for example, are known for their demanding nature, with students spending more time in labs or solving challenging problems, even though GPAs may be slightly higher in comparison to majors like Philosophy or Environmental Earth Science.
Factors that make a major difficult include:
- Lab work: Some majors, like Chemistry and Physics, require extensive lab hours, which adds another layer of complexity to the coursework.
- Abstract Thinking: Majors like Philosophy and Cognitive Science challenge students to engage with abstract ideas and theories, pushing critical thinking abilities to the limit.
- Heavy Coursework: Majors such as Computer Science demand consistent engagement with challenging material and complex programming languages, making the workload particularly intense.
Proven Strategies for Excelling in Challenging College Majors
Time Management
In challenging majors where study hours are long and complex assignments are frequent, time management becomes critical. Students must create a structured schedule that includes study sessions, lab work, and personal time.
Effective time management is key in majors like Chemistry, where lab work can eat up a significant portion of the week, or in Computer Science, where programming assignments may take many hours to troubleshoot.
FAQs
Last Words
Choosing a tough major is a serious commitment. The long study hours, complex subjects, and relentless workload can be overwhelming. However, those who push through the difficulties can expect to gain valuable skills and access to some of the most rewarding careers available.
Fields like Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry, and Engineering will test you, but the experience builds not only academic knowledge but also the resilience to face real-world challenges.